Authors:
  • Beyond [known peoples of black West Africa] to the south there is no civilization in the proper sense. There are only humans who are closer to dumb animals than to rational beings. They live in thickets and caves, and eat herbs and unprepared grain. They frequently eat each other. They cannot be considered human beings.

    "Muqaddimah" translated by Franz Rosenthal, Princeton University Press, 1981.
Cite this Page: Citation