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  • Intelligent thinking means an increment of freedom in action-an emancipation from chance and fatality. 'Thought' represents the suggestion of a way of response that is different from that which would have been followed if intelligent observation had not effected an inference as to the future.

    John Dewey, Jo Ann Boydston, Ralph Ross (2008). “The Middle Works, 1899-1924: 1920”, p.163, SIU Press