Much of outcomes research is a systematic attempt to exploit what is known and make it better.
The organization and the environment are in concert.
But in a turbulent environment the change is so widespread that it just routes around any kind of central authority. So it is best to manage the bottom-up change rather than try to institute it from the top down.
But when you are embodied in a location, in a physical plant, in a set of people, and in a common history, that constrains your evolution and your ability to evolve in certain directions.
Everything that we are making, we are making more and more complex.
Managers tend to treat organizations as if they are infinitely plastic. They hire and fire, merge, downsize, terminate programs, add capacities. But there are limits to the shifts that organizations can absorb.
Organizations get invested into a particular product. And sometimes the best thing is to stop making that product, even though it's profitable, because it has optimized at a local peak.
The current understanding was that it was impossible to predict how something would evolve because it was a very turbulent environment full of things interacting with each other.
The way to build a complex system that works is to build it from very simple systems that work.
We tend to think of the mind of an organization residing in the CEO and the organization's top managers, perhaps with the help of outside consultants that they call in. But that is not really how an organization thinks.
We are infected by our own misunderstandin g of how our own minds work.
An organization's reason for being, like that of any organism, is to help the parts that are in relationship to each other, to be able to deal with change in the environment.
Each system is trying to anticipate change in the environment.
The most certain thing you can say about the environment tomorrow is that it probably is going to be just like today, for the most part.
Managing bottom-up change is its own art.
The way that organizations and organisms anticipate the future is by taking signals from the past, most the time.
Changing things from the top down works when things are stable.
An organization is a set of relationships that are persistent over time.
It's generally much easier to kill an organization than to change it substantially.
It has become evident that the primary lesson of the study of evolution is that all evolution is coevolution: every organism is evolving in tandem with the organisms around it.
Technological advances could allow us to see more clearly into our own lives.
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