In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.
People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.
Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
We are more heavily invested in the theories of failure than we are in the theories of success.
People's conceptions about themselves and the nature of things are developed and verified through four different processes: direct experience of the effects produced by their actions, vicarious experience of the effects produced by somebody else's actions, judgments voiced by others, and derivation of further knowledge from what they already know by using rules of inference
If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
Success and failure are largely self-defined in terms of personal standards. The higher the self-standards, the more likely will given attainments be viewed as failures, regardless of what others might think.
Once established, reputations do not easily change.
The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
One cannot afford to be a realist.
Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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