Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.
In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.
Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
We are more heavily invested in the theories of failure than we are in the theories of success.
People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
After people become convinced they have what it takes to succeed, they persevere in the face of adversity and quickly rebound from setbacks. By sticking it out through tough times, they emerge stronger from adversity.
Perceived self-efficacy in coping with potential threats leads people to approach such situations anxiously, and experience of disruptive arousal may further lower their sense of efficacy that they will be able to perform skillfully
Self-appraisals are influenced by evaluative reactions of others.
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
People's conceptions about themselves and the nature of things are developed and verified through four different processes: direct experience of the effects produced by their actions, vicarious experience of the effects produced by somebody else's actions, judgments voiced by others, and derivation of further knowledge from what they already know by using rules of inference
Once established, reputations do not easily change.
Dualistic doctrines that regard mind and body as separate entities do not provide much enlightenment on the nature of the disembodied mental state or on how an immaterial mind and bodily events act on each other
Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
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