When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination. When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.
Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of a trigger.
Who does not know the evils of war cannot appreciate its benefits.
There are routes not to be followed, armies not to be attacked, citadels not to be besieged, territory not to be fought over.
Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory.
He who exercises no forethought but makes light of his opponents is sure to be captured by them.
What is of the greatest importance in war is extraordinary speed: One cannot afford to neglect opportunity.
Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot.
Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.
He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.
No nation has ever benefited from a prolonged war.
All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
And therefore those skilled in war bring the enemy to the field of battle and are not brought there by him.
No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique. If it is to your advantage, make a forward move; if not, stay where you are. Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content. But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to life.
Keep their friends close and their enemies closer.
Attack where he is unprepared; sally forth when he does not expect you.
The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai-jan. Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found in the Ch'ang mountains. Strike at its head, and you will be attacked by its tail; strike at its tail, and you will be attacked by its head; strike at its middle, and you will be attacked by head and tail both.
Like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew; like the four seasons, they pass away to return once more.
The best general is the one who never fights.
To capture an enemies army is better than to destroy it.
When the enemy is relaxed, make them toil. When full, starve them. When settled, make them move.
All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved.
When your opponent gives you an opening, be swift as a hare.
The general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple ere the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.
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