On dispersive ground, therefore, fight not. On facile ground, halt not. On contentious ground, attack not. On open ground, do not try to block the enemy's way. On the ground of intersecting highways, join hands with your allies. On serious ground, gather in plunder. In difficult ground, keep steadily on the march. On hemmed-in ground, resort to stratagem. On desperate ground, fight.
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
Probe him and learn where his strength is abundant and where deficient.
In the midst of difficulties we are always ready to seize an advantage, we may extricate ourselves from misfortune.
No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique.
Success in warfare is gained by carefully accommodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose.
The expert in battle seeks his victory from strategic advantage and does not demand it from his men.
When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixed duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization.
He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.
If you follow the enemy's shifts and changes, you can always find a way to win.
Keep their friends close and their enemies closer.
When your opponent gives you an opening, be swift as a hare.
Winning isn't enough. The acme of all skill is to defeat your enemy before taking the field.
A sovereign of high character and intelligence must be able to know the right man, should place the responsibility on him, and expect results.
So in war, the way is to avoid what is strong, and strike at what is weak.
Whoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enemy, will be fresh for the fight; whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted.
The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men: it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers.
The good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy.
It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and just, and thus maintain order.
Those whose upper and lower ranks have the same desire are victorious.
So the important thing in a military operation is victory, not persistence.
If asked how to cope with a great host of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack, I should say: "Begin by seizing something which your opponent holds dear; then he will be amenable to your will." Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make your way by unexpected routes, and attack unguarded spots.
The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined energy, and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize combined energy
All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory.
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