In the midst of difficulties we are always ready to seize an advantage, we may extricate ourselves from misfortune.
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men: it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers.
Probe him and learn where his strength is abundant and where deficient.
All war is deception.
No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique.
The expert in battle seeks his victory from strategic advantage and does not demand it from his men.
He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.
Keep their friends close and their enemies closer.
When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixed duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization.
When your opponent gives you an opening, be swift as a hare.
A sovereign of high character and intelligence must be able to know the right man, should place the responsibility on him, and expect results.
If you follow the enemy's shifts and changes, you can always find a way to win.
The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined energy, and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize combined energy
Winning isn't enough. The acme of all skill is to defeat your enemy before taking the field.
Factors in the art of warfare are: First, calculations; second, quantities; third, logistics; fourth, the balance of power; and fifth, the possibility of victory is based on the balance of power.
The good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy.
So in war, the way is to avoid what is strong, and strike at what is weak.
Whoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enemy, will be fresh for the fight; whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted.
If asked how to cope with a great host of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack, I should say: "Begin by seizing something which your opponent holds dear; then he will be amenable to your will." Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make your way by unexpected routes, and attack unguarded spots.
Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy... use the conquered foe to augment one's own strength.
It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and just, and thus maintain order.
All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai-jan. Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found in the Ch'ang mountains. Strike at its head, and you will be attacked by its tail; strike at its tail, and you will be attacked by its head; strike at its middle, and you will be attacked by head and tail both.
Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.
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