When one treats people with benevolence, justice and righteousness, and reposes confidence in them, the army will be united in mind and all will be happy to serve their leaders.
Thus the skilful general conducts his army just as though he were leading a single man, willy-nilly, by the hand.
The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become double agents and available for our service. It is through the information brought by the double agent that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies. It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy.
Generally, management of many is the same as management of few. It is a matter of organization. And to control many is the same as to control few. This is a matter of formations and signals.
Thus those skilled in war subdue the enemy's army without battle .... They conquer by strategy.
He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.
It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and just, and thus maintain order.
Of old the expert in battle would first make himself invincible and then wait for his enemy to expose his vulnerability.
Confront them with annihilation, and they will then survive; plunge them into a deadly situation, and they will then live. When people fall into danger, they are then able to strive for victory.
The essential factor of military success is speed, that is taking advantage of others' unpreparedness or lack of foresight, their failure to catch up, going by routes they do not expect, attacking where they are not on guard. This you cannot accomplish with hesitation.
Perfection in war lies in so sapping your opponents will that he surrenders without fighting.
There is no place where espionage is not possible.
The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable.
Like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew; like the four seasons, they pass away to return once more.
Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.
And therefore those skilled in war bring the enemy to the field of battle and are not brought there by him.
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
Act after having made assessments. The one who first knows the measure of far and near wins - this is the rule of armed struggle.
What is of the greatest importance in war is extraordinary speed: One cannot afford to neglect opportunity.
Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of a trigger.
If ignorant both of your enemy and yourself, you are certain to be in peril.
Subtle and insubstantial, the expert leaves no trace; divinely mysterious, he is inaudible. Thus he is master of his enemy's fate.
No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique. If it is to your advantage, make a forward move; if not, stay where you are. Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content. But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to life.
Throw your soldiers into positions whence there is no escape, and they will prefer death to flight. If they will face death, there is nothing they may not achieve.
Know the enemy, know yourself; your victory will never be endangered. Know the ground, know the weather; your victory will then be total.
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