When you know both yourself as well as your competition, you are never in danger. To know yourself and not others, gives you half a chance of winning. Knowing neither yourself or your competition puts you in a position to lose.
So in war, the way is to avoid what is strong, and strike at what is weak.
It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and just, and thus maintain order.
It is ten thousand times cheaper to pay the best spies lavishly than even a tiny army poorly.
If you follow the enemy's shifts and changes, you can always find a way to win.
Throw your soldiers into positions whence there is no escape, and they will prefer death to flight. If they will face death, there is nothing they may not achieve.
When one treats people with benevolence, justice and righteousness, and reposes confidence in them, the army will be united in mind and all will be happy to serve their leaders.
There is no place where espionage is not possible.
There are roads which must not be followed, armies which must not be attacked, towns which must not be besieged, positions which must not be contested, commands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed.
No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique.
The military has no constant form, just as water has no constant shape - adapt as you face the enemy, without letting them know beforehand what you are going to do.
Weak leadership can wreck the soundest strategy; forceful execution of even a poor plan can often bring victory.
Rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him
Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make your way by unexpected routes, and attack unguarded spots.
Generally, management of many is the same as management of few. It is a matter of organization. And to control many is the same as to control few. This is a matter of formations and signals.
One defends when his strength is inadequate, he attacks when it is abundant.
Nothing is more difficult than the art of maneuvering for advantageous positions.
Whoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enemy, will be fresh for the fight; whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted.
Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot.
Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of a trigger.
When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixed duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization.
There are routes not to be followed, armies not to be attacked, citadels not to be besieged, territory not to be fought over.
Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory.
For the wise man delights in establishing his merit, the brave man likes to show his courage in action, the covetous man is quick at seizing advantages, and the stupid man has no fear of death.
When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination. When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.
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