If ignorant both of your enemy and yourself, you are certain to be in peril.
Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory.
And therefore those skilled in war bring the enemy to the field of battle and are not brought there by him.
There are routes not to be followed, armies not to be attacked, citadels not to be besieged, territory not to be fought over.
What is of the greatest importance in war is extraordinary speed: One cannot afford to neglect opportunity.
It is ten thousand times cheaper to pay the best spies lavishly than even a tiny army poorly.
Attack where he is unprepared; sally forth when he does not expect you.
Fierce language and pretentious advances are signs that the enemy is about to retreat.
Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot.
Like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew; like the four seasons, they pass away to return once more.
Carefully study the well-being of your men, and do not overtax them. Concentrate your energy and hoard your strength. Keep your army continually on the move, and devise unfathomable plans.
You can ensure the success of your attacks if you only attack places that are undefended. You can ensure the safety of your defense if you only hold positions that cannot be attacked. Therefore, that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defend; and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack.
Thus those skilled in war subdue the enemy's army without battle .... They conquer by strategy.
To capture the enemy's entire army is better than to destroy it; to take intact a regiment, a company, or a squad is better than to destroy them. For to win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the supreme of excellence. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the supreme excellence.
If we know that the enemy is open to attack, but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack, we have gone only halfway towards victory.
O divine art of subtlety and secrecy! Through you we learn to be invisible, through you inaudible and hence we can hold the enemy's fate in our hands.
The general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple ere the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
Of old the expert in battle would first make himself invincible and then wait for his enemy to expose his vulnerability.
Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men.
Now the reason the enlightened prince and the wise general conquer the enemy whenever they move and their achievements surpass those of ordinary men is foreknowledge.
Know the enemy, know yourself; your victory will never be endangered. Know the ground, know the weather; your victory will then be total.
Unless you know the mountains and the forests, the defiles and impasses, the lay of the marshes and swamps, you cannot maneuver with an armed force. Unless you use local guides, you cannot get the advantages of the land.
All warfare is based on deception. If your enemy is superior, evade him. If angry, irritate him. If equally matched, fight and if not: split and re-evaluate.
When you are ignorant of the enemy but know yourself, your chances of winning or losing are equal.
He who wishes to fight must first count the cost. When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be dampened. If you lay siege to a town, you will exhaust your strength.
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