In my youth it was said that what was too silly to be said may be sung. In modern economics it may be put into mathematics.
Any man who is only an economist is unlikely to be a good one.
We see community organizations as major service providers and economic drivers rather than as recipients or distributors of charity, and coordinators of volunteers. Today they constitute what's referred to as 'the social economy'.
It's an awful stretcher to believe that a peacock's tail was thus formed but ... most people just don't get it - I must be a very bad explainer
There is a grandeur in this view of life, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful are being evolved
The only answer to the endless chains of why, why, why is that the alternatives died
In order to make a perfect and beautiful machine, it is not requisite to know how to make it. All the works of human genius can be understood in the end to be products of a cascade of generate-and-test procedures that are, at bottom, algorithmic and mindless.
Life results from the non-random survival of randomly varying replicators. The watchmaker is blind
The essential point to grasp is that in dealing with capitalism we are dealing with an evolutionary process
Now we see evolutionary trends in a variety of areas ranging from atomic and molecular physics through fluid mechanics, chemistry and biology to large scale systems of relevance in environmental and economic sciences
Thinking is a physical process, the human brain is not exempt from evolution
Our aim must be to make our successive mistakes as quickly as possible. To speed up evolution.
Economists have the correct insight that economics is a theory of choice, the key to the story is the variety of options and centralised political control limits the options. The best recipe is adaptive efficiency coping with novel uncertainty in a non-ergodic world, the maintenance of institutions which enable trial & error experiment to occur, and an effective means of eliminating unsuccessful solutions
It at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed.
What really happens is that the gene pool becomes filled with genes that influence bodies in such a way that they behave 'as if' they made complex, if unconscious, cost/benefit calculations
The perennial gale of creative destruction
It is useful that while mankind are imperfect there should be different opinions, so is it that there should be different experiments of living; that free scope should be given to varieties of character, short of injury to others.
Conformity can be costly in a world of uncertainty which requires innovative institutional creation because no one can know the right path to survival. Over time, the richer the cultural context in terms of providing multiple experimentation and creative competition, the more likely the successful survival of the society
A diversity of approaches is necessary if there is to be a good chance of hitting on one that works. Progress is a social undertaking & achievement, because people see things differently
I am convinced that both markets and free trade are good, but the traditional answer that we give to students to explain why they are good, the one based on perfect competition and Pareto optimality, is becoming untenable. Something much more interesting and more complicated is going on here
Some individuals are better able than others to draw the right conclusions about the world about them and act accordingly. These individuals will be more likely to survive and reproduce so their pattern of behaviour and thought will become dominant
Competition is like experimentation in science, a discovery process, and it must rely on the self interest of producers, it must allow them to use their knowledge for their purposes, because nobody else possesses the information
There was never anything so well devised by men which in continuance of time hath not been corrupted
The idea that human kind can shape the world according to wish is what I call the fatal conceit
There can be no autonomous agent with unitary interests called 'society' that exerts causal influence. This is a logical impossibility
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